The Process of How a Bill Becomes a Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Process of How a Bill Becomes a Law - Essay Example As an expression of the sovereign people, all laws are legislated in accordance with the highest law of the land—the Constitution. It is done through constitutionally prescribed processes that are often tedious and politically mired with controversies. Usually, a bill is introduced by the House of Representatives and is duly concurred by the Senate. Such bill is presented to the President of the United States for approval and signature. If the president signs it, the bill becomes a law, otherwise, the bill will be returned to the House where it originated with president’s objections. The latter will be put into the journal. The same will be reconsidered by the legislatures. If two-thirds of the House approved the reconsidered bill, it will become a law and such overturned the veto power of the executive. In a similar context, when the bill is presented to the president for signature and if such was not returned within ten working days, the bill likewise becomes a law. Such 10-day period, when it has lapsed, has a similar effect as if the president has signed it, unless the legislative body, by their adjournment prevents its return. As such, the bill will not become the law. The legislation of the law rests on the constitutionally mandated power of the legislative branch under Article 1, Section 1 of the Constitution. This process, however, has a complex and evolving mechanisms since the legislative body is composed of a hundred elected senators and 435 members of representatives from states with varying political interests and concerns relating to policy formulation. Bills ought to have undergone a process of consultations from constituents as they are the subjects of legislative agenda and developments. Their voices should be considered by representatives before they’d perform the mandates of advising and agreeing to treaties and other related policies. Bills, before it would become a law, are sourced from the multitude of ideas and proposals of people in each state.  Ã‚  

Difference Between Backing Up and Archiving of Data Essay Example for Free

Difference Between Backing Up and Archiving of Data Essay Explain the difference between backing up and archiving of data, state the process taken for both and give reasons why they are necessary. It is important to know the basic differences between backup and archiving information, in order to prevent loss of important files on a computer. There is a big difference between the two and it comes down to variables between short term and long term storage. Backing up important data files on a computer should be done often, sometimes once a day or more. Thinking of it like a short term insurance policy, backups can be done using USG keys, disks, even to tape. Sometimes this information is overwritten each time it is saved, as new tiles are being added. Backups are primarily used for operational recovery, to quickly recover an overwritten file or corrupted database. The focus is on speed, both to back up and recover, and on data integrity. Archives, on the other hand, typically store a version of a file that no longer changing, or should not be changing. For example, an accountant for a small business that uses QuickBooks will back up his files regularly in order to prevent a disastrous loss of inform. He will entrust that information to an online backup system that is updated at the end of each business day. This way, if a problem occurs with the individual computer or network, then there is a way to resurrect the book without having to enter a month of work. Archiving, on the other hand, is the equivalent of a long term insurance policy for files that are rarely accessed or never changed. This type of storage creates a history of the files in an authentic form that can be accessed weeks from now or years from now. The storage media for archiving requires that it have a long, stable life. If the owner of the company died tomorrow, where would you begin to look for important documents? Or what if an audit of 2003 came up? Creating an archive is essential to traching down vital information to a company or individual. Typically, archives have been stored on magnetic tapes in the past, but with cost of online data archiving solutions becoming more practical and inexpensive, you will see more use of them. Offsite data archiving is highly recommended in the even t of a disaster. Another way of looking at the differences is that backup contains multiple restore points, allowing you to go back in time in case of a virus, accidental deletion or accidentally saving over a file. Archived information will only store a singly version of a file and this is rarely changing, if ever at all. Often archived data will also span decades of files. Archiving may require certain policies or rules that approve who have access, how long the records need to be stored etc.

Alternative Mating Strategies of Animals

Alternative Mating Strategies of Animals Animal Behaviour Essay Reproductive success can be defined as a mechanism which allows the passing of genes from one generation to the next in such a way that the offspring will too successfully pass on these genes. When male reproductive success depends on male-male competition and aggression, as is usually the case in polygamous species, individuals who are at a competitive disadvantage sometimes adopt an entirely different constellation of reproductive behaviours. In most cases, individuals practice only a single reproduction option throughout their lifetime (Kelly R. Zamudio, 2000). However, when such alternative mating patterns are practiced as part of a developmental sequence, they can be considered parts of a single lifetime reproductive strategy (Kelly R. Zamudio, 2000). Alternative Mating strategies have long fascinated behavioural biologists. A system in which not all males are equal in physical attributes (phenotypes) and have therefore developed an alternative strategy in order to pass on indiv idual genes by producing offspring (Kelly R. Zamudio, 2000). We hear of sneakers, satellites, mate guarding and more. Alternative mating strategies shed light on fundamental evolutionary processes (Kelly R. Zamudio, 2000). How can sexual selection overcome the combined forces of natural selection on males and female who oppose it? Highly modified male phenotypes are well known to impose great survival costs upon the males that possess them (Kelly R. Zamudio, 2000). How is it that these extreme male variants, as well as the females that mate with or produce them, are not simply eliminated by natural selection outright (Kelly R. Zamudio, 2000). Alternative mating strategies invade a population when relatively few conventional individuals secure mates. There are two types of alternative strategies exist. First, phenotype differences through polymorphism and second, genetically determined alternative strategies (Kelly R. Zamudio, 2000). The side-blotched lizard, (Uta stansburianathe), is a small common territorial lizard that is widely distributed in North America. Males of this species are highly territorial and their mating system has been described as resource-defence polygyny, with large territory holders gaining access to females whose home ranges are included within their territory (Stanley F. Fox, 2003). Some populations of this species in the coastal range of California exhibit a curious combination of alternative states that has been described as a rock paper scissors game (Stanley F. Fox, 2003). Three alternative strategies interact in a system that has no single winner; instead each male has strengths that allow it to out- compete one other strategy, but weaknesses that leave it vulnerable to tactics of the third (Stanley F. Fox, 2003). Orange-throated males are aggressive, have higher levels of testosterone, and vigorously defend large territories, which presumably affords them access to larger number of females (Stanley F. Fox, 2003). Blue-throated males are also territorial but mate guarders and stay with their females after copulating. Mate guarding may prevent their female from copulating with other males, however this behaviour interferes with territorial defence, and potentially limiting access by blue males to additional mates (Stanley F. Fox, 2003). Yellow-throated males are non- territorial of other mates and copulate with their females. In order to do this sneakers not only behave surreptitiously to avoid detection, but also rely on female mimicry, their throat and dorsal coloration are most similar to patterns found in females (Stanley F. Fox, 2003). Each male has specific behavioural attributes that allow it to out compete only one of the other males orange-throated males are able to outcompete the blue-throated mate guarders through aggression (Stanley F. Fox, 2003). On the other hand mate-guarding of blue males allows them to out-compete yellow sneakers, effectively d eter sneakers from copulating. Yellow throated sneakers have been most successful at mating with the orange throated females in that territory (Stanley F. Fox, 2003). This is a genetically based system requires very specific evolutionary conditions (Stanley F. Fox, 2003). Previous behavioural estimates of fitness found that the three males exist in an evolutionary stable state. Negative frequency-dependent selection maintains each phenotype in the population and all three males may have equal fitness (Stanley F. Fox, 2003). Fitness of sneakers will be highest when orange males are present in large numbers, because this should offer sneakers ample opportunity to sneak copulation from within territories of these males (Stanley F. Fox, 2003). Long term fitness of strategies must average the frequency-dependent fitness of each morph at all stages of cycle and across the entire population (Stanley F. Fox, 2003). This requires long term paternity data sets. Analysis for local frequency-dependent processes that underlie these patterns provides a more rapid assessment of the focus maintaining alternative strategies in this population (Stanley F. Fox, 2003 ). Demonstrating frequency-dependent selection provides a better estimate of the global stability of the system is maintained by negative frequency dependence in which rare morphs have a fitness advantage (Stanley F. Fox, 2003). The scale at which these behavioural interactions occur is the level of competing groups of neighbouring males, in that the exact composition of males within a neighbourhood is expected to determine the fitness of all males within that group. For example the success of any one male should depend on the number of the other two males that come in direct competition with him (Stanley F. Fox, 2003). Another species that exhibits alternative mating strategies within species is the fallow deer. Males of this species may adopt alternative mating strategies within single populations (Thirgood, 1990). There are several explanations for this; Thirgood declared that first, a particular strategy may be optimal under certain environmental or social conditions (Thirgood, 1990). Secondly the best strategy for an individual to adopt may depend upon the strategies adopted by other males in the population (Thirgood, 1990). Third, males may simply be making the best of a bad situation, because they are incapable of competing with other males to gain maximum access to females (Thirgood, 1990). Fallow deer follow three types of mating strategies the first of which is the pursuit of a non-territorial strategy. The second strategy is to defend one single territory which may or may not contain resources desired. The last strategy is to defend multiple or what are known as lek territories (Thirgood, 1990). Lek breeding is an uncommon mating system that has only been described in five ungulate species, including the Uganda and white-eared kob and the fallow deer (Thirgood, 1990). In lek breeding species males conjugate on small clustered mating territories, which females visit solely for the purpose of copulation (Thirgood, 1990). Males do not provide paternal investment other than gametes and their territories do not contain resources required by females other than the males themselves (Thirgood, 1990). Lekking rarely appears as a pure strategy within populations, but usually as an alternative to single territory defence. Most studies of lek breeding ungulates have suggested that males holding territories on the lek have much higher mating rates than those holding single territories away from the lek, and that these latter males are simply poor competitors (Thirgood, 1990). Fallow deer in the Blackensford region of the New Forest form part of a managed population of approximately 2000 animals inhabiting an area of mixed deciduous and coniferous woodland, heartland, bogs and grasslands (Thirgood, 1990). Mating is highly seasonal, taking place largely in the half of October, although occasional copulations have been recorded before and after that time. In the New Forest population, adult male and female fallow deer are spatially segregated for much of the year (Thirgood, 1990). A small lek of three to seven mature males would be situated on the boundary of two distinct woodland habitats. A lek was observed and copulations were recorded (Thirgood, 1990). Permanently defended single territories were established in areas close to the lek. These territories occurred in a single variety of woodland habitats ranging in resources from plentiful to absent, and are representative of the great variability of single territory defence in fallow deer (Thirgood, 1990). Non-territorial reproductive behaviour has been described previously from a number of wild and enclosed fallow populations (Thirgood, 1990). At Blackensford this consisted of males simply following groups of females, or behaving as satellites by intercepting female movement (Thirgood, 1990). The estimated mating success on a single territory was higher than that reported for other lekking populations of ungulates (Thirgood, 1990). Data suggests that within a given year successful lek males attain higher mating success than single territory males, who in turn get more mating than unsuccessful lek males (Thirgood, 1990). Males are not limited to one strategy, and are capable of switching strategies as mating opportunities dictate. It was concluded that because fighting is more common on the lek, lower costs of single territory defence may result in a longer reproductive life (Thirgood, 1990). Another species that displays alternative mating strategies is a type of Bee known as Centris Pallida. Dimorphism is common in the male mating behaviour, of a large anthophorid bee (John Alcock, 1977). Bees of this genus have been relatively little studied, although previous studies have found males of various species established territories primarily by orchids or around flowering trees in tropical, central and south America and in Jamaica males of C. Pallida dig up buried females and males, mating with the former (John Alcock, 1977). Mate-location, techniques, size variation, and the fitness of mates as well as the parental investments of their mothers are intimately related to one another (John Alcock, 1977). Males of this Bee fall into one of two classes when searching for females. They are either patrollers, cruising rapidly near the ground in areas in which females are emerging, or they are however, poised at aerial stations around shrubs and trees (John Alcock, 1977). Patrolle rs search for sites at which a buried virgin female is about to emerge, upon finding such a spot, the male is capable of digging through 1-2cm of soil to the hidden female, which is usually mated by the male that uncovers her (John Alcock, 1977). Patrollers often attempt to appropriate a digging spot that another male has discovered or to separate a male from a freshly captured female (John Alcock, 1977). The second group of males, known as the hoverers, wait at sites peripheral to open emergence areas, generally by plants, whether these are flowering or not (John Alcock, 1977). Alternatively they wait at flowering shrubs or trees located well away from major emergence sites. These bees hover in the air with their hind legs dangling and held higher than the abdomen (John Alcock, 1977). They dart off rapidly in pursuit of all passing insects about their size and then almost always quickly return to their hovering station, although they may drift rather slowly over an area 1-2m in dia meter (John Alcock, 1977). These individuals do chase neighbouring and intruding however commonly but they almost never make physical contact. As a general rule, 1m or so separates hovering males (John Alcock, 1977). It is difficult to say whether this spacing stems from aggressive interactions among males avoiding one another, seeking unoccupied scanning locations (John Alcock, 1977). Hoverers will pursue females that are collecting pollen but rarely grasp these individuals, which implies that they seek to secure only virgin females and can discriminate these from already mated bees. Hovering bees apparently are waiting for virgin females that have avoided capture by patroller-diggers (John Alcock, 1977). It has long been known that males in a wide variety of animal populations practice alternative mating strategies in order to maximize their reproductive fitness. This is especially common when there is male-male competition for access to mates. In cases where such alternative strategies are as successful at obtaining mates as the predominant strategy, a coexistence of different mating strategies will evolve. The importance of alternative mating strategies is widely underestimated and often misunderstood. Polymorphic mating phenotypes provide quantifiable examples of intense frequency dependant sexual selection and its rapid evolutionary consequences. in the case of the blotched- lizard it has been shown that frequency-dependent selection arising from local competition can promote conditions that favour each individual male, and thus preserve all three strategies of the rock-paper-scissors cycle in the long term. Condition-dependent behaviour in the context of mating may result from c hanges in resource availability and intra-sexual competition for mates. When competition decreases, the expression of alternative behaviours also decreases. Changes in mating behaviours, especially among alternative males, have been documented in insects, fish, and amphibians upon removal of dominant males. Additionally, the availability of mates and resources also affects the expression of alternative strategies within a sex. The gain or loss of territory has been shown to affect mating approaches among insect species, while the receptivity and spatial distribution of mate’s impacts tactics used among insects, fish, and mammals. Mating behaviours are also affected by an individual’s size and age, as smaller or younger individuals are more likely to attempt reproduction through alternative means, including mimicry or sneak tactics. As a result, the ability to choose a behaviour that maximizes fitness under certain circumstances evolves.

Ireland and Irish Nationalism in the Poetry of William Butler Yeats Ess

Ireland and Irish Nationalism in the Poetry of William Butler Yeats William Butler Yeats was an Irish poet, a dramatist, and a prose writer - one of the greatest English-language poets of the twentieth century. (Yeats 1) His early poetry and drama acquired ideas from Irish fable and arcane study. (Eiermann 1) Yeats used the themes of nationalism, freedom from oppression, social division, and unity when writing about his country. Yeats, an Irish nationalist, used the three poems, â€Å"To Ireland in the Coming Times,† â€Å"September 1913† and â€Å"Easter 1916† which revealed an expression of his feelings about the War of Irish Independence through theme, mood and figurative language. The theme of nationalism dominates in â€Å"To Ireland in the Coming times† and in â€Å"Easter 1916.† In the former poem, Yeats suggested the idea of Irish brotherhood to achieve justice for Ireland, â€Å"True brother of a company, that sang, to sweeten Ireland’s wrong† (Finneran 50). Although he wanted to fight for Ireland’s freedom, he did not participate in any military activities. Instead, he used songs and poems to reflect the situation in Ireland: I cast my heart into my rhymes, That you, in the dim coming times, May know how my heart went with them (Finneran 51) In the latter poem, he mentioned the names of the national heroes such as MacDonagh who died for the rebellion (Abrams 2308) and said, â€Å"Now and in time to be, / Whenever green is worn,† (Finneran 182). Green, being the colour of the soldiers’ uniforms and also the national colour of Ireland, alluded that the war was still going on in Ireland. The theme of freedom from oppression was introduced in â€Å"September 1913.† Although Yeats loved his country, he often criticized it. He left Ireland after he publish... ...d support the themes and moods that he used in different poems and he persuaded his readers to believe what he said was true. When comparing these three different elements in the poems, mood is the most effective technique since nationalism is based on the emotions one feels for one’s country. The mood is what links the themes and figurative language that attract readers’ attention. Bibliography: Works Cited List Abrams, M. H. et al. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. 5th ed. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1986. Eiermann, Katharena. â€Å"Katharena’s ‘The Magic of Yeats’.† Yeats: Life and Times http://members.aol.com/KatharenaE/private/Pweek/Yeats/YLife.html (17 Feb. 2001). Finneran, Richard J. The Collected Poems of W. B. Yeats. 2nd ed. New York: Simon & Schuster Inc., 1996. â€Å"Yeats, William Butler†. Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia. 1996 ed.

Anand Mahindra Profile

Anand Mahindra * Passionate innovator * I call myself a â€Å"right brained person. † * The whole feeling in this company has been one of trusteeship. * Innovators are non-conformists. Innovators and entrepreneurs are those who have immense confidence in their capabilities. * If educated properly, Indians are second to none in the world. * I worry when times are good. * It’s never only about the money, it can’t be. Otherwise I don’t think you can get outstanding results. Timeline 1955: Born in Mumbai, Maharashtra 981: Returned to India and joined Mahindra Ugine Steel Company (MUSCO) as an Executive Assistant to the Finance Director 1989: Became the President of this leading group 1991: Became the Deputy Managing Director of the Mahindra & Mahindra Group 1997: Became the Managing Director of the Mahindra & Mahindra Group 2003:Became the Vice-Chairman of the Mahindra & Mahindra Group 2004: Knight of the Order of Merit by the President of the Fren ch Republic. 2005: Person of the Year from Auto Monitor and Leadership Award from the American India Foundation. 006: Received the CNBC Asia Business Leader Award and Entrepreneur of the Year Award by the Ludhiana Management Association. 2007: Received the Inspiring Corporate Leader of the Year Award from NDTV Profit. Background (From films to business) Anand Mahindra, 50, was schooled at the Lawrence school in Lovedale. He completed his graduate studies at Harvard College in Arts, following it up with an MBA from Harvard Business School. His paternal uncle, Keshub Mahindra, is the current chairman of the company.He is married to Anuradha Mahindra, who is the famous editor of the magazines ‘Verve' and ‘Man's World' and is the Editor-in-Chief of Rolling Stone India. The couple together has two daughters. A communist in his college days You don’t find a Harvard graduate who earned a summa cum laude (Latin for â€Å"with highest honour†) in film, heading one o f India’s largest auto businesses. A self-confessed ‘right-brained person, Anand Mahindra believes this honour from Harvard was a cathartic experience and marked the end of his rebellion.It also proved to sceptics that he could establish himself in a field where his family was not present, rather than walking the easier path of joining and running an inherited family business. Anand, also a Communist party member in his college days, firmly believes that innovation and creativity are mindsets and one needs to constantly question one’s direction in life – something he says he doesn’t see in today’s youth, who he believes are focused and know what they want from day one.Anand began his career in a group company – Mahindra Ugine Steel (MUSCO) – taking it through the stormy early-eighties negotiating with labour unions in the steel business, a period he calls a â€Å"trial by fire†. Anand eventually joined M;amp;M in 1991, an d became the Managing Director in 1997. He has a strong sense of pride in the work he does, and believes given the right education Indians are second to none in the world. The Scorpio success factor Not surprisingly, the Scorpio remains Anand’s biggest achievement.Or, as he puts it, â€Å"The scale of risk we took is our biggest achievement†. The Scorpio, interestingly enough was born, not as a specific SUV project, but as an idea from a 26-year-old engineer who was part of a team building a 13-seater Utility Vehicle. The imposing Rs6bn budget for developing the Scorpio was a huge risk to take and a hurdle to cross. Anand took the bet, convincing the Board that it was the way forward. The rest, of course is history. Real estate – changing the way people liveAnand cites driving innovation across M;amp;M and the entire Mahindra Group as another key achievement. His idea of setting up unique world class complexes (â€Å"World Cities†) that holistically integ rate the needs of work and family is a case in point. Despite opposition from the board (â€Å"For five years people thought I was mad†), Anand held his stance that â€Å"We’re changing the way people live in these townships. † Sure enough, Mahindra Gesco (the holding company) currently has orders worth Rs15bn and takers like Infosys for it’s Mahindra World City, Chennai project. The bluechip criteria† The fact that the Mahindra Group consists of a myriad of companies seems to question the entire concept of focus. However, Anand believes that he already â€Å"chopped the deadwood† in 1994 (exiting businesses like nuclear engineering, oil drilling, etc) and set six areas as key focus businesses for the group. Each of these groups has to meet â€Å"the bluechip criteria,† which means the business must: (a) be a leader in its industry; (b) have innovation as a key model; (c) have global potential; and (d) deliver on demanding financial go als.Six focus areas for the group With Anand removing himself from active management (â€Å"kicking myself upstairs†), all the businesses were given dedicated presidents to provide managerial focus. He believes giving managerial and financial independence to these businesses is what sets them apart from the conventional conglomerate structure that tends to focus on top-management control. Anand is now moving forward to list each of these businesses, which are as diverse as Mahindra-British Telecom (IT), Club Mahindra (time-share holidays) and M;amp;M Financial Services. All of these will be IPOed and will therefore become independent. † The five cylinder engine in autos At the same time, Anand also resisted pressure to carve out M;amp;M’s auto business into a separate company. â€Å"If we do it right, I have a better chance of turning Mahindra as a globally recognised cult brand, than I do, trying to turn it into General Motors. † Anand sees M;amp;M as a t hree-cylinder engine, consisting of UVs, tractors and components. He is focusing on building M;amp;M as an â€Å"auto competency group† by creating verticals sharing the same platforms such as logistics, procurement and ngineering. His philosophy for M;amp;M is â€Å"When you build more verticals you simulate the scale and get a larger company without losing the niche focus. † With the recent tie-ups with Renault and International Trucks, Anand believes he has now created a â€Å"five-cylinder engine†. Benefits for M;amp;M’s core auto business are already flowing in – for example M;amp;M is now tapping into Renault’s global procurement systems. Clear targets for each businesses Anand has clear targets for each of M;amp;M’s three cylinders.UVs – to be a globally recognised brand, tractors – to be a dominant player, and auto components – to be the largest automotive component conglomerate in India (â€Å"We’ d like to be a Dana, Spicer or a Lear. †). Similarly, for the group Anand doesn’t believe in one single goal. He chooses, instead to focus on leadership, innovation, a global presence and delivering on the financials. Everything else, including size, which he believes doesn’t matter, will then follow. What he does with his free time Anand spends as much time as he can with his family and those near and dear.A friend once told him that life is like a bunch of rubber and glass balls that you have to juggle all the time. You have to know, which are the glass balls, and you never drop those. The rubber ones keep bouncing and you can pick them up along the way. A voracious reader by his own admission Anand does not read business books since they become obsolete. He prefers business magazines such as Harvard Business Review, BusinessWeek and Fortune. In fiction, Anand is a big fan of the Booker Prize winning author, Ian McEwan.

Essay On The Intrinsic Flaws Inherent In Christian Essays - Religion

Essay On The Intrinsic Flaws Inherent In Christian Essays - Religion Essay On The Intrinsic Flaws Inherent In Christianity Christianity is a religion in which events are claimed to have occured but which can never be proved. Those who practice it live by different morals than are preached by the most holy texts. It is an institution in which the most holy scripture is contradictory, and wherein the supreme being, by the very definition, cannot exist. Christianity is, therefore, a fundamentally flawed religion. According to the Bible, events have occured which are even more miraculous than the resurection of Jesus Christ. Events such as the stopping of the sun by Joshua (Joshua 10:12-14), the reversal of the sun's course by Isaiah (Isaiah 38:7-8) , the resurrection of the saints, and their subsequent appearance to many (Matthew 27:52-53) were witnessed by thousands of people. The stopping and reversal of the sun would have been visible worldwide. The idea that people could have witnessed these events without having been amazed by them is, quite simply, ludicrous. Other cultures having witnessed this would certainly have offered their own explanations in keeping with their own cultural and religious beliefs. Surely a society existing at the time would have documented this miraculous event. Yet nowhere have such works been found. In the instance of the resurrection of the saints, Matthew is the only person to mention this occurence in the Bible. Surely other first-century Christians would have used this as further proof of Jesus' divinty. It would fall to reason that Paul and the gospels would have mentioned it. This is not, however, the case. Nowhere else in the Bible is this mentioned or even hinted at. These events are then, at best, highly unlikely to have occured. The fact that Matthew is alone in writing of the resurrection of the saints leads us to believe that certain writers of the Bible had differing views on christianity. The christian Bible is highly contradictory, not just to modern day christian beliefs, but in and of itself. Today's society is of the belief that all people are created equal, and Christians submit that their god is of the same belief. Modern Christians believe that their god loves everyone, and that they are all equal. However, after Adam and Eve had eaten from the tree forbidden by god, this deity said to Eve I will intensify the pangs of your childbearing; in pain shall you bring forth children. Yet your urge shall be for your husband, and he shall be your master. (Genesis 3:16). This tells us that, according to the Christian religion, women shall naturally be dominated by men. This kind of behavior is not conducive to a being who believes in inherent equality. Women are repeadtedly treated as objects and told to be submissive in the Bible. According to the rule observed in all the assemblies of believers, women should keep silent in such gatherings. Rather, as the law indicates, submissiveness is indicated for them. If they want to learn anything, they should ask their husbands at home. It is a disgrace when a woman speaks in the assembly. (1 Corinthians 14:34-35). Man was not made from woman but woman from man. Neither was man created for woman but woman for man. For this reason, a woman ought to have a sign of submission on her head. (1 Corinthians 11:8-10). The Bible also permits bondage. Slaves, male and female, you may indeed possess, provided you buy them from among neighboring the nations. You may also buy them from among the aliens who reside with you and from their children who are born and raised in their land. Such slaves you may own as chattels, and leave to your sons as their hereditary property, making them perpetual slaves. (Leviticus 25:44-46). This same Bible gives laws on the punishment of slaves. When a man strikes his slave with a rod so hard that the slave dies under his hand, he shall be punished. If, however, the slave survives for a day or two, he is not to be punished, since the slave is his own property. (Exodus 21:20-21) We find further examples of prejudice in Deuteronomy. In the Bible, it is stated that No one whose testicles have been crushed or whose penis has

ASX Listed Company Qantas Airline Limited

ASX Listed Company Qantas Airline Limited Introduction Background information During the period ranging from mid 1990s to 1999, the global aviation industry experienced a rapid growth arising from increase in demand for air travel. In addition, there was an increase in Gross Domestic Product  ­ (GDP) in most countries.As a result, the industry grew with a margin of 4% to 6% annually.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on ASX Listed Company: Qantas Airline Limited specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, this trend was reversed at the beginning of the 21st century as a result of changes in the international business environment. The airline industry is characterized by a high degree of volatility. As a result, changes in the international business environment have a significant effect in the operation of all firms in this industry. One of the firms that operate with in the airline industry is Qantas Airline Limited. The airline operates within the Australia n airline industry. Since its establishment in 1920, the airline has managed to establish a portfolio of businesses which include Qantas Holiday, Qantas Frequent Flyer Program, Qantas Freight, Qantas Catering, Qantas, Engineering, and Qantas Defense services within the industry. The firm serves diverse customer categories that include corporate customers, the government, leisure travelers, wholesalers and travel agents. Some of the contemporary issues facing the firm relate to the recent economic downturn, increase in fuel prices and threat of terrorism. These issues have affected the performance of Qantas Airline in the Australian Stock Exchange. In an effort to understand how these issues have affected the firm, the researcher sought to conduct an in-depth analysis of the issues. Analysis of the contemporary issues Financial crisis In its operation, Qantas Airline faces numerous financial risks which have a potential of creating a problem in the firm’s future cash flows. Th e financial risks emanate from changes in the global economic environment. For example, the recent global economic recession that originated from failure of the US financial institution affected the operation of the firm in a number of ways. For example, there was a reduction in demand for air travel amongst customer in different categories.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More During this period, consumers sought alternative means of transport both in the local and international market. Considering the fact that consumers are price sensitive, one of the sectors which pose intense competition to the firm is the low cost airline. According to Gross and Schroder (2007, p.12), low cost carriers are offering less expensive mode of air travel. As a result, most consumers are considering the low cost carriers as the most cost effective mode of air travel. Low cost carrie rs have a higher cost advantage compared to full service carriers which averages 51% as illustrated by figure 1 in the appendix (Cento, 2009, p.21). The increased adoption of this business model within the airline industry is posing a threat in the survival of traditional airlines such as Qantas Airlines. The low cost carriers operate within the same route as Qantas thus leading into a significant reduction in the firm’s sales revenue hence its profit. During its 2009 financial year, the airline’s profit amounted to 181 million. This is a lesser amount compared to its profit during the 2008 financial year which amounted to $ 1,408 million. This indicates a rapid reduction in its profitability. Reduction in the sales revenue culminated into the firm experiencing a significant decline in the firm’s cash flow. According to Loudon (p.297), the global airline industry is characterized by high fixed, high capital investment and intense price competition. Therefore a r eduction in the firm’s cash flow may affect the firm’s working capital. As a result, the firm would not be able to meet its operation cost. In an effort to survive in such economic environment, the firm may decide to source debt finance from financial institutions.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on ASX Listed Company: Qantas Airline Limited specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, some financial institutions are not willing to advance debt finance to airlines due to the volatile nature of the industry. In such a situation, financial institutions increase the cost of borrowing as a risk mitigation measure. In addition to interest rate exposure, the airline firms also face currency exposure which arises from fluctuation in the exchange rate. This is due to the fact that its expenses and revenues are denominated in different currencies. Increase in fuel price The profitability of the airline industry is dependent on changes in fuel prices (Vedder, 2008, p. 18). This is due to the fact that jet fuel forms a key component in the operating cost of airlines. Currently, Qantas Airline is facing a risk of fuel crisis as a result of changes in the geopolitical environment in the Middle East countries which are a producer of fossil fuel. The unrest in the Middle East countries is leading into a shortage in fossil fuel hence affecting the price. According to Loudon (p.299), changes in fuel prices have a direct effect in the cash flow of airlines. In the short term, the airlines revenue may be marginally affected. However, the long term effects may be adverse since the cost will be passed on to the customers. By the end of March, the management of Qantas announced an increase in its ticket prices in its domestic market. For example, travelling within Australia increased with $ 10 while the cost of travelling to New Zealand was increased with a margin of 8%.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The management team cited the skyrocketing price of jet fuel as the major cause. During its 2nd quarter in 2011, the firm estimates its jet fuel cost to be US $ 2 billion. In an effort to survive in this dynamic environment, the Qantas Airline had decided to reduce its size of management team and its domestic and international capacity. Threat of terrorism According to Seidenstat and Splane (2009, p.250), the global airline industry is also faced by a risk of increased terrorism. Most terrorism groups around the world are targeting airline companies to undertake their attacks as illustrated by the September 11, 2001 attack in the US. Terrorism adversely affects airline sales revenue. This arises from the fact that the customers’ preference for air travel is significantly reduced. Solution Despite the changes in the international business environment, it is vital for firms to develop a high competitive advantage. This will enable them to survive in the long term as going conce rn entities. According to Hoskisson, Hitt and Ireland (2008, p.108), there are various ways through which a firm can develop competitive advantage. However, the firm has to ensure that its products or services are unique from those of its competitors and that they cannot be easily imitated. Adoption of the Low Cost Carrier Model Considering the changes in the global airline industry, it is important for Qantas to develop strategies to safeguard against incurring decline in its cash flow. For example as a result of the global economic crisis, the airlines management team should consider integrating the low cost carrier business model. This will enable the firm to operate cost effectively. The resultant effect is that the airline will be able to adjust its pricing strategy so as to deal with the prevailing price wars. Adjusting the price will contribute towards the firm increasing its sales revenues and hence its profitability since a large number of customers will be attracted to the airline (Wu, 2009, p. 23). Increase in profitability will enable the firm meet its high fixed costs and other operating costs. Alternative source of Jet fuel Considering the effect of rise in jet fuel prices on the firm’s operation, it is paramount Qantas Airlines to undertake a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis with regard to utilizing alternative fuel. A research conducted by NASA in US revealed that utilizing alternative is cost effective (National Research Council, 2006, p. 104). The firm’s management team should consider utilizing alternative jet fuel rather than over depending on petroleum based fuel. Some of the alternative fuels which should be considered include gasified fuels derived from coal and natural gas fuel. According to a research conducted by NASA on the effectiveness of these fuels, it was revealed that these fuels have the necessary energy required to fly a commercial flight. One of the alternative jet fuels which the firm should incorporate is biofuel. The firm can venture into production of biofuel using different agricultural crops such as soya and jatropha. Other alternative fuels which the firm should consider utilizing include methanol, ethanol, and hydrogen (Bassam, 2010, p. 16). By utilizing these alternative fuels, the firm will be able to caution itself against increase in the petroleum based jet fuel which is highly volatile to changes in the political environment. By integrating alternative fuel, the firm will be able to operate in a social responsible manner. This arises from the fact that firm will be able minimize emission of carbon dioxide which is a major cause of climate change (Hackey Neufville, 1999, p.243). Safety measures Airline companies have a responsibility to ensure that their customers are safe. Considering the rise in the rate of insecurity within the industry, Qantas, airline should consider enhancing the security of the passengers. One of the ways through which the firm can enhance its secur ity is by integrating a technology that screens all the passengers to ensure that there are no threats in the course of the flight. In addition, the airline should ensure that people within its facilities are not threatened by terrorism. For example, firm should employ sufficient and professional security personnel. Conclusion The analysis illustrates indicates that the Qantas Airline is faced with a number of challenges emanating from the macroeconomic business environment. The major contemporary issues that the firm is facing includes changes in the global economic crisis, rise in the price of jet fuel and threat of terrorism. These business changes in the macroeconomic business environment within the airline industry are beyond control of firms in this industry. However, management teams of firms within the Australian airline industry such as Qantas can develop strategies aimed at countering changes in the international business environment. Recommendations In order to survive in the volatile airline industry, it is vital for Qantas Airline to consider the following recommendations. The management team should consider integrating the low cost carrier model. This will enable Qantas to appeal to a large number of potential customers since it will be able to price its flight more fairly. The airline should also consider utilizing alternative fuels such as hydrogen and biofuel. This will improve the firms’ commitment towards environmental conservation by limiting the amount of emissions. Reference List Bassam, N., 2010. Handbook of bioenergy crops: a complete reference to species,  development and application. London: Earthscan. Cento, A., 2009. The airline industry: challenges in the 21st century. Heidelberg, Germany: Physica-Verlag. Gross, S. Schroder, A., 2007. Handbook of low cost airlines: strategies, business  processes and market environment. Berlin: Enrich Schmidt Verlag. Hackey, J. Neufville, R., 1999. Lifecycle model of alternative fuel vehicles: emissions, energy and cost trade-offs. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. Vol. 35, issue 3, pp. 243-266. Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Hoskisson, R., Hitt, M. Ireland, D., 2008. Competing fro advantage. Mason, OH: Thompson. National Research Council. 2006. Decadal survey of aeronautics: foundation for the  future. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press. Loudon, G., 2004. Financial risk exposure in the airline industry: evidence from Australia and New Zealand. Australian Journal of Management. Vol. 29, issue2. Sydney:The Australian Graduate School of Management. Seidenstat, P. Splane, F., 2009. Protecting airline passengers in the age of terrorism. Santa, Barbara: Praeger Security International. Vedder, H., 2008. Strategic alliances in the aviation industry an analysis of past and  current developments. Munchen: Grin-Verl. Wu, C., 2009. Airline operation and delay management; insights from airline economics,  networks an d strategic schedule. Farnham: Ashgate. Appendix Figure 1: Comparison of Low Cost Carrier with Full Service Carriers. Cost reduction Cost per seat Full Service Carriers 100% Low cost carrier High aircraft utilization -2 82 Higher seating density -16 84 Lower cabin crew cost -3 79 Outsourcing maintenance -2 75 Use cheaper secondary airport -4 73 Minimal station cost -7 66 Fewer passenger services -5 61 No agents/GDS commissions -6 55 Reservation cost -3 52 Fewer costs -3 49% The chart illustrates that low cost carriers have a cost advantage of 51%.

impartial analysis of management accountant

impartial analysis of management accountant An impartial analysis of overall operations can tell you yes or no.How do you know if activity-based costing (ABC) would be right for your company? There's an objective way to decide before your company takes the plunge. For ABC to be effective, a majority of all costs incurred by a significant unit of a business must be analyzed systematically. These costs include not only most fixed and variable factory burden costs, but also some fixed and variable marketing and administrative costs. Implementation of ABC requires a complex, comprehensive process that is costly and time-consuming, so naturally managers would want to be assured of the advantages before embarking on the implementation of ABC.The potential benefits of ABC can be analyzed in advance along two separate dimensions. The first is based on the probability that, in a given application, ABC will produce costs or other results that are significantly different from ones that could be generated with more conventional or less co stly methods.English: an ABC in MukahThe ABC-generated costs may or may not be "better" or more accurate, but they are different in amount. The second dimension of the model seeks to establish that, given that cost information generated by ABC is indeed different, management will use it for significant decisions. Managers must regard ABC information as superior, and the nature of the organization and its competitive, legal, and social environments must allow managers to use the information freely.The factors involved in the first dimension include the number and diversity of products or services produced, the diversity and differential degree of support services used for different products, the extent to which common or joint processes are used, the effectiveness of current cost allocation methods, and the rate of growth of period costs. The factors involved in the second...

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 18

Ethics - Essay Example register required knowing the numbers item numbers for grains and produce; the customers were supposed to write them down, but many of them neglected this rule, and as such it was dependent on the cashier to either memorize or run and find the number when the customer forgot. Subsequently, during the busy periods the lines got long, and I had to rely on Joyce to help me with the item numbers. In addition to the item numbers, she helped me out with all the small things about the job that you don’t learn in training – which were the important managers, when to pretend you’re working hard, and when to slack off. Over the first few weeks we became very close and Joyce introduced me to her family. She had two daughters she was taking care by herself, as her husband had left her a few years earlier. One day Joyce came in visually distressed and wouldn’t tell me what was wrong. During our break I ate with her and finally got her to tell me the problem. She told m e that she had come on difficult times of late, as her husband had stopped paying child support and she was facing eviction from her apartment. Joyce was considerably older than me and I didn’t have much experience in these situations, but I felt very bad for her situation, and consoled her and told her that I’m sure things would be all right. The next day I worked Joyce was in and she seemed better. I noticed that she was much more standoffish than she had previously been, and I thought that maybe she just didn’t want to discuss what she told me before. During one of the busy periods one of Joyce’s daughters came through the checkout line, and I noticed Joyce not charging her for a number of items and place them in a bag. I wasn’t sure if I had seen the incident accurately, so I chose not to say anything. The next day I worked I watched Joyce closely and noticed that during the same time her daughter came through again, and Joyce similarly didn’t charge her for the items. At this point I was

Healthcare Factors that Differentiate the Status of Health in a Essay

Healthcare Factors that Differentiate the Status of Health in a Population - Essay Example Social factors include the resources that improve the living standard of a human being. However, it can be concluded that availability of health sources are dependent on the social factors that enable a person to avail all the resources necessary for having a healthy lifestyle. Such resources include proper healthy food, medicines, prompt healthcare facilities and other necessary basic amenities of life. In case of Texas, majority of people are left unprivileged due to inadequate health resources and low health insurance coverage due to poor socio-economic structure of most people in Texas. As a result, it has been observed that every year 2500 Texans die due to inadequate health facilities, lack of proper food and unavailability of medicines (Code Red Texas, 2012). To ensure good health status in the state of Texas, it is highly important for the state and social welfare organizations to ensure economic stability and awareness regarding health in the area. The state government shoul d take imperative steps to determine all the social factors that are contributing in poor health outcomes. As a result, the government should formulate a plan to enhance and improve the life standard of the people in Texas. This can only be achieved by funding and investing in economic activities, offering better employment opportunities to the people and instilling sense of social responsibility in the minds of people. References US Department of Health and Human Services (2012) Healthy People 2020 retrieved from http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/about/QoLWBabout.aspx Lomas, J. (1998). Social capital and health: implications for public health and epidemiology. Social Science & Medicine, 47(9), 1181-1188. Code Red Texas (2012) Code Red; the critical condition of health in Texas 2012. Retrieved from http://www.coderedtexas.org/files/Code-Red-2012.pdf #Health Literacy Health literacy provides an important platform for handling health related issues for people with low income and low l iteracy rate (Marmot et al, 2006). Health decisions according to Marmot, (2007) are established basing on appropriate standards as required in accordance with existing health policies. Healthcare decisions are therefore valid and valuably relevant especially when considering proper use of newer technologies (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2012). The core substance defined according to societal needs is based on unique health actions. I have analyzed HRSA to study the health communication and the use of technology in health and how it benefits different people. The website (HRSA) provides coherent and in-depth information on each and every disease and other health related issues. It targets the audience within the US and also provides assistance to people living outside of the US through emails and online support. For people unfamiliar with English, it provides all the details in Spanish as a second language. Visuals have been applied and have offered a better level of a ttaining the required information. The use of pictures provides better understanding even to the non healthcare readers to acquire the first hand knowledge and the concept. It could have been more understandable for them if the pictures contain further information regarding a specific disease. The readability ratio on the

Cultural Timepiece Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Cultural Timepiece - Essay Example form and before the invention of the industrial clock Does traditional culture not reflect modern culture in earlier form, thus, to conclude that our conceptions of time are motivated by similar conditions For quite a period since the study of time began, it was emphasized by convention that modern and traditional societies perceive time in contrasts. Anthropologists suggested, more in favor of modern time, that traditional time is "cyclical rather than linear, qualitative rather than quantitative, reversible rather than irreversible, encapsulated in tradition rather than constituting the motor of history, organized by routine and practical tasks rather than by the clock, oriented to stability rather than change, geared to natural rather than calendrical rhythms, and reckoned ecologically rather than by an abstract scale" (Adam 1994, 504). With similar theories on traditional time, Whorf singled out the Hopi concept of time and suggested that its distinct difference from the Western concept was of time perceived as not being made up of discrete instances that follow each other but is characterized by a cumulative getting later (1956, 151). And likened to Whorf's analysis, Evans-Pritchard proposed that the movement of their time must be recognized as an illusion, unlike Western time which passes and progresses, because the tribal time structure stays constant, meaning that their perception of time is no more than the movement of persons through the structure. He further propose that the span of their tradition is limited compared to modern Timepiece 3 time, and that in their myth, the events do not have relative succession (1940, 107-8). These notions has provided us with an impression that the time of traditional societies were found by a radically obscure consciousness driven by primitive conditions. Somehow these model theories would, it seems, have us drift farther away instead of closer to understanding other cultures through their behavior towards time, and in a way convince us that our evolutionary relationship with these societies is incomprehensible. Moreover, if we are to consider these analyses as unanimously true and ideal, our alienation would be fueled by an assumption that these other people are actually molded with an alien makeup by some source alien from our world. And by the same exaggeration have us wonder whether our own civilized consciousness was in fact innate and there was never any need for it to have to grow out of evolution. Closer to home, Ingold presented a different set of dichotomies which is more in regard to industrialism and the household. He contrasted perspectives such that there is free time and clock time as opposed to all time is task-oriented; that there is work and leisure against the notion that all life consists of tasks; that there is creative art and the

Law - INFRINGEMENT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Law - INFRINGEMENT - Assignment Example hese reported incidents with the proceeding of court decision is of copying brand name and logo of â€Å"Nutella† and launching its replica â€Å"Nutello†. Although â€Å"Nutella† was a chocolate spread and â€Å"Nutello† was a beverage series of coffee, cocoa and tea, still the court decides the following with special reference to Singapore Business law, The law states that phrase or the name of the replica must have a visual, aural and conceptual compatibility. In this case the name do possesses visual and aural similarity but the concept was a bit different of both the organizations. The court concluded that the products will be regarded alike even when one of these three aspects is missing. This is because a relationship must be established and accessed with the terms under which the â€Å"Nutella† has been made in record and not what it is actually dealing with. Word mark â€Å"Nutella† has been registered for anything that deals with chocolate that relates to chocolate in any physical form (Gallezo, 2013). The judicial panel examined the concept of dilution in detail and concluded that the according to Section 2 (1) (b) of the trade mark act, dilution even if not likelihood to cause bewilderment and uncertainty in the general public, still is regarded as infringement because that make likely to cause it in prospect. The conclusion was yes, as there are drastic changes in the financial response of customer so this cannot be measured and predicted. For this purpose any infringe product if not giving economical loss now, can be damaging for the financial status of the trade mark holder in the near future. For this purpose infringement must be condemned at all stages. A similar incident has been reported in Thailand in which the KFC (renowned fast food chain) has been copied by a small restaurant in which the owner of that eatery uses same logo and color combination as that of KFC but uses the picture of Hitler (the notorious ruler) instead of Colonel Sanders who

Deforestation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Deforestation - Essay Example Also, the reasons for deforestation are largely economic. Softwoods from areas under boreal forest are used in the paper and construction industries, while tropical hardwoods are used in the manufacture of furniture and for construction purposes. In South American countries, forest and woodland areas are also heavily exploited for wood-fuel, which is the main source of energy. Following Ehrhardt-Martinez (1998): "Deforestation in developed countries has reached very low levels, it accounts for the loss of 16.3 million hectares of forest per year in developing countries -- an area approximately twice the size of Portugal. An estimated 15.4 million hectares of forest loss occurs each year in tropical regions, with the worst losses occurring in Latin America and the Caribbean (7.4 million ha) (568) Clearly, the exploitative decline in forest and woodland resources is not sustainable in the long term and a number of environmental problems, including soil erosion and biodiversity losses, have developed as a result. Improved road access into deforested areas is likely to encourage population influx and increased shifting cultivation (Margulis 39). Farmers are then encouraged to trans... These strategies are very successful helping to establish a special culture of forest management and land use (Ehrhardt-Martinez, 569). For the highlands, this meant more emphasis on cattle-ranching, generating meat and dairy products for the growing urban markets, and less importance for traditional subsistence crops like corn, wheat and barley. The establishment of all-weather routes meant that areas which had only been accessible during the dry season could now be used for continuous product extraction, promoting permanent settlement which in turn also increased the demand for local food products. it should be noted that forests, while not the only, are still the main source of 'reserve land areas' to be gradually included in the pool of cultivated areas (WRM 1998). Due to the low commercial scale of remaining valuable timber species, it is usually not worthwhile to open a new road in a mountainous region just for the sake of timber extraction; this thus eliminates any prospective 'indirect' impact. The extraction of logs here may rather be a by-product of forest-clearing implemented for general purposes of colonization (Margulis 89). According to road distance and market requirements, either all types of firewood are cut and used across the board for conversion, or hard species with a high energy content are selected. In the case of across-the-board utilization, charcoal-burning would indeed be a candidate as a cause of deforestation, provided that the once-and-for-all rent from clearing and charcoal conversion is in fact the decisive motivation within the landowner's resource-use strategy. The problem of deforestation needs complex solutions and

Friere - Banking v. Problem Solving Models of Education Essay

Friere - Banking v. Problem Solving Models of Education - Essay Example The minds of students are considered to be empty in absolute ignorance, and it is the duty of the teacher to fill them with knowledge (Freire, 2004). The banking model immobilizes the people within existing frameworks of power since they accept that meaning and historical agency are owned by the oppressor. Therefore, education should be a means of liberation rather than solely a knowledge impacting process. The common sense of the poor people, which constitutes knowledge, is not less important than scientific knowledge of professionals. The education system requires reciprocal trust and communication between the educator and the student. This gives the educator a chance to learn and the student gets a chance to teach. This makes education a communion between participants in a mutually educating dialogue instead of the unilateral action that benefits the student only. The teacher should intervene in the educational situation as a way of helping the student overcome the paralyzing aspect of his or her world. This should result to critical thinking as a process of solving problems in the education process. This will be vital for reducing the oppression on the poor due to ineffective learning processes arising from the banking model of education (Freire, 2004). Freire proposed a dialogical problem posing education method where the teacher and student become co-invigilators of knowledge. The problem-posing education gives an opportunity to the oppressed to explore their problem as a reality to be transformed. This contrasts the banking model that suggests that the situation in the society can be fixed by nature or reason. The content of problem-posing education cannot be determined through the expertise of the teacher but arises from the reality experienced by the student. The educator does not answer the problems, but helps the students critically think of the problem in order to make a mutable awareness of the society. Once the students view the society

Law - INFRINGEMENT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Law - INFRINGEMENT - Assignment Example hese reported incidents with the proceeding of court decision is of copying brand name and logo of â€Å"Nutella† and launching its replica â€Å"Nutello†. Although â€Å"Nutella† was a chocolate spread and â€Å"Nutello† was a beverage series of coffee, cocoa and tea, still the court decides the following with special reference to Singapore Business law, The law states that phrase or the name of the replica must have a visual, aural and conceptual compatibility. In this case the name do possesses visual and aural similarity but the concept was a bit different of both the organizations. The court concluded that the products will be regarded alike even when one of these three aspects is missing. This is because a relationship must be established and accessed with the terms under which the â€Å"Nutella† has been made in record and not what it is actually dealing with. Word mark â€Å"Nutella† has been registered for anything that deals with chocolate that relates to chocolate in any physical form (Gallezo, 2013). The judicial panel examined the concept of dilution in detail and concluded that the according to Section 2 (1) (b) of the trade mark act, dilution even if not likelihood to cause bewilderment and uncertainty in the general public, still is regarded as infringement because that make likely to cause it in prospect. The conclusion was yes, as there are drastic changes in the financial response of customer so this cannot be measured and predicted. For this purpose any infringe product if not giving economical loss now, can be damaging for the financial status of the trade mark holder in the near future. For this purpose infringement must be condemned at all stages. A similar incident has been reported in Thailand in which the KFC (renowned fast food chain) has been copied by a small restaurant in which the owner of that eatery uses same logo and color combination as that of KFC but uses the picture of Hitler (the notorious ruler) instead of Colonel Sanders who

Friere - Banking v. Problem Solving Models of Education Essay

Friere - Banking v. Problem Solving Models of Education - Essay Example The minds of students are considered to be empty in absolute ignorance, and it is the duty of the teacher to fill them with knowledge (Freire, 2004). The banking model immobilizes the people within existing frameworks of power since they accept that meaning and historical agency are owned by the oppressor. Therefore, education should be a means of liberation rather than solely a knowledge impacting process. The common sense of the poor people, which constitutes knowledge, is not less important than scientific knowledge of professionals. The education system requires reciprocal trust and communication between the educator and the student. This gives the educator a chance to learn and the student gets a chance to teach. This makes education a communion between participants in a mutually educating dialogue instead of the unilateral action that benefits the student only. The teacher should intervene in the educational situation as a way of helping the student overcome the paralyzing aspect of his or her world. This should result to critical thinking as a process of solving problems in the education process. This will be vital for reducing the oppression on the poor due to ineffective learning processes arising from the banking model of education (Freire, 2004). Freire proposed a dialogical problem posing education method where the teacher and student become co-invigilators of knowledge. The problem-posing education gives an opportunity to the oppressed to explore their problem as a reality to be transformed. This contrasts the banking model that suggests that the situation in the society can be fixed by nature or reason. The content of problem-posing education cannot be determined through the expertise of the teacher but arises from the reality experienced by the student. The educator does not answer the problems, but helps the students critically think of the problem in order to make a mutable awareness of the society. Once the students view the society

Open vs Closed Systems Essay Example for Free

Open vs Closed Systems Essay The state of Kansas defines OSS (Open Sourced Software) as software for which the source code is freely and publicly available, though the specific licensing agreements vary as to what one is allowed to do with that code. The book defines open source operating systems as those made available in source-code format rather than binary code. Closed source is exactly the opposite. Closed source is proprietary software that is only made available in binary code which is very difficult to reverse engineer. Open-source code is exactly what the programmer developed including all of the comments and notes. Open-source is most commonly confused with free software although the difference is very miniscule however strongly opposed. When all of these ideas are put together we can understand that as an end user with open sourced OS’ we have the ability to see all of the code and modify most of the OS if we have the necessary skills to do so. Whereas with closed source we can only see the code after it has been compiled into binary, or machine code, and only make changes that the programmers allow us to make within the OS. Open Sourced OS When we talk about open-sourced OS’ usually people think of UNIX or Linux. These are great examples of what open- source is. If a user wanted to download a version of Linux to install on his computer he could, and the open source would not cost him a thing. What he may end up paying for is support. Or if he is an experienced developer himself he can do what open-sourced software was originally intended to and make changes to the source himself. This is the biggest difference between open and closed source OS. With open source the individual has the freedom to make absolutely any change he deems necessary to the OS. Imagine being able to change the way Windows works. If you somehow figured out that the Windows OS would always crash when you have exactly 6 explorer windows open what would you do? Well if Windows was an open-source OS you could fix it and compile it. Then you could send the fixed version to the author so it could be updated and distributed to everyone else. That is the beauty of open-sourced OS’. Some can argue that because there are so many more eyes on the open-source systems that it makes them more secure. Closed Source OS Closed-source operating systems are the extreme opposite of open-source. The only form of closed source you can get is binary, which means you’ll have to do some very heavy hex reverse engineering in order to be able to actually understand the code. Closed source OS’ like Microsoft cost hundreds of dollars to buy, and if there’s issues with the latest version, you are forced to wait until Microsoft developers release an update that may fix your issue and yet break another one of your applications. Users are at the mercy of Microsoft at all times. You can make recommendations and complaints about Windows not behaving in a matter that suits your needs, but you can’t do very much more. GNU Public Licenses GNU (GNU Not UNIX) General Public licenses are licenses used for distributing free software. The idea of â€Å"copyright† was flipped around and introduced as â€Å"copyleft† by the FSF (Free Software Foundation). The purpose of â€Å"copylefting† was to do exactly the opposite of copyrighting. Instead of locking the software down and using the full extent of the law against anyone attempting to copy the copyrighted software; a GNU GPL forces the authors to allow anyone to copy and modify the code. The best example of how the GNU GPLs are used is the Linux operating system. Using GNUs UNIX compatible tools, Linus Torvalds created a UNIX like kernel and invited all developers around the world to modify his code and submit it back to him. Using the open source method Linus was able to complete the Linus OS much faster than anyone anticipated. Even though GNU had begun to be developed before Linux, the use of the internet and GNU GPLs allowed Linux to be completed before GNU was. Microsoft Licensing Due to the fact that Microsoft Windows was created to be a closed-source OS, users are forced to pay for a license before being able to download the binary file and install the software. Microsoft licensing copyrights the software and prevents anyone not appointed by Microsoft from viewing and modifying the source code. The advantage of Microsoft licenses is that when vulnerabilities or bugs are found, the end user doesn’t have to worry about figuring out how to fix it. Microsoft developers package the fixes and notify the end user’s OS when they are available for download. For an end user with no programming experience, the Microsoft Licensing scheme is a perfect scenario. Of course it costs a nice chunk of change, but for some people ignorance is bliss. The obvious disadvantage to this licensing structure is the complete opposite. The end users are completely powerless to fix known vulnerabilities and bugs. Microsoft has been able to blow past the competitors because of the availability of Volume licensing and software assurance policies. The biggest customer any software company can have is the government. When Microsoft started offering proprietary software that was easily deployable in any environment, the government and most other large companies were enticed into buying into the Microsoft Licensing closed source idea. Conclusion As a rule of thumb a person should never completely close any door even after seeing what’s inside and turning the other way. In one hand open-source OS’ can be extremely useful because they are easily modified and tailored to ones need. Along with the fact that there seems to always be someone interested in helping with code and the development of useful software. Most of the time, these programmers are not getting paid and are mostly just looking for a challenge. And on the other hand when money isn’t an issue and the knowledge of code is an issue, one can easily find themselves completely absorbed in the closed source way of life. Is either one better than the other? Maybe in some scenarios, but neither can nor should be considered a failure of societies way of thinking.

John Miltons Faith and Use of Literary Devices

John Miltons Faith and Use of Literary Devices Many of John Miltons poetry contain religious subjects, as well as much of the literature during the Early Modern Period. Milton grew up a normal life, and attended school and universities. Afterwards Milton married a woman who left him soon after the marriage and the two were divorced. Later on, she came back and the two reconciled. In the later years of Milton lost many loved ones including the loose of his father, his father-in-law. Miltons eyesight grew worse, and by 1661 Milton had become blind (Jokinen). After losing his eyesight, Milton also lost his first wife, daughter, son, second wife, and another daughter (Jokinen). Through all of this, Milton kept his faith, and wrote many poems that illustrated that he had faith in God and dedicated many poems to his lost loved ones. The common literary devices and subjects that John Milton uses in Paradise Lost, â€Å"How Soon Hath Time,† and â€Å"When I Consider How My Light is Spent† convey a stronger representation of Miltons faith, and how through the tough life that Milton lived he remained a religious man. One of the well-known poems that Milton wrote is Paradise Lost. In this epic poem, Milton uses many literary devices to illustrate his faith in God. In Paradise Lost, Milton uses imagery, diction, and religious subjects to show the strong conviction Milton retained throughout his life. Throughout Paradise Lost, Miltons use of imagery, diction, and the subject of the epic poem represents Miltons strong faith. Paradise Lost also illustrates redemption. This was because Miltons faith reflected redemption, especially with his views on divorce. Milton believed that divorce was ok certain applications. In the beginning of Book I, the poem picks up in the middle of a narrative where Satan had just fallen from Heaven along with the band of angels. In Book 1, Satan states that â€Å"Me preferring, His utmost power with adverse power opposed/ In dubious battle on the plains of Heavn/ And shook his throne† (Milton, Paradise Lost 949). With this few lines Satan is informing his followers that Satan himself once clashed against God. With this clash against God, Satan once had a chance of conquer God. Milton uses imagery in lines 102-105 of Paradise Lost to bring images of this mighty battle to the readers mind (Milton, Paradise Lost 949). Milton is trying to get people to understand battles that he once faced in his own life. Satan states in lines 258-262 of Paradise Lost that â€Å"Here at least/ we shall be free; th Almighty hath not built/ Here for his envy, will not drive us hence: / Here we may reign secure, and in my choice/ To reign is worth ambition though in Hell† ( Milton, 953). Milton uses diction here to express Satans idea that control in Hell is far better than worship in Heaven, but this is all a lie that Satan tells his followers. Milton uses imagery and diction in these lines to convey the evil that Satan beholds. Book I finally presents Satan as the defeater of his followers. In Book IX Milton has diminished Satan from a hero. When Satan realizes the beauty that Earth beholds, Satan mourns because he has ruined his chances of living on Earth as Adam and Eve once did. Whenever Satan saw Eve, Satan becomes flabbergasted by Eves beauty. Whenever Satan starts to realize that beauty of the Earth, this seems to be a reminder to Milton that even though he had lost many things in life, that Milton should be thankful for what he still had. Milton seems to use his diction to convey the idea that he should be happy with what he has, and not to lose faith or to do anything that he would regret later on in Miltons like. While Milton continued to write faithful poetry throughout his life, Milton seemed to have never lost faith, and to commit something that may had regretted later in his life. Later on in Paradise Lost, Milton expresses that Satan was invincible, and by the love of God, Satan was at least able to see the beauty in Adam and Eve. Milton uses imagery to de pict Satan as the commander of his demons, and then Satan proposes to build a palace called Pandemonium. In line 754 of Paradise Lost Milton uses the images of the â€Å"trumpets sound† that fill the air, which acts as a fanfare for Satan (Milton, 1014). These images create a picture of how great Satan was, and that no matter how big an evil Satan was, it still does not make you invincible to God. All throughout Paradise Lost, there are examples of how Milton uses his diction, imagery, and his religious subjects that exemplify the faith that Milton had to make it through his hard times. Another poem by Milton is â€Å"How Soon Hath Time,† which uses literary devices to convey Miltons strong faith in God. As with most of all of Miltons poetry, there are references to God, Heaven, and spirits. This sonnet is about when Milton was in his twenties and how he thought that he was not as blessed as other people his age were. In the first eight lines of the sonnet, Milton gives the reasons that he has to blame God and lose faith, but the sonnet is resolved in the last four lines. The diction and imagery that Milton uses in â€Å"How Soon Hath Time,† illustrates that though Milton is depressed about how life has turned out to be at this young age, Milton still does not blame God. Even in the end of the poem in lines 9-14 of â€Å"How Soon Hath Time† Milton uses a turn and his diction to illustrate, that even in the end Milton is the same (Milton, â€Å"How Soon Hath Time† 942). In turn of the sonnet, Milton realizes that while he does not have the life that he may want, in the end he will be on the same level as people less and more fortunate than him. This is what keeps Miltons faith; he realizes that his short physical life is not worth worrying over, because as long as he keeps faith in God, the reward of heaven is for him as long as he keeps faith in God. Milton also uses imagery in â€Å"How Soon Hath Time† to convey Miltons strong sense of faith. Lines 1-3 of â€Å"How Soon Hath Time† â€Å"How soon hath time the subtle thief of youth, /Stoln on his wing my three and twentieth year!/My hasting days fly on with full career,† depicts how Milton is giving human traits to his time (Milton, 942). Milton is using imagery to express that someone stole his youth and that his 23rd year is stolen on a wing, and that his days are passing by at a fast pace. According to David Miller, Milton uses personification to convey the imagery that is created in the lines 1-3 of â€Å"How Soon Hath Time† (Miller, 3). Whenever the reader reads lines 1-3 of â€Å"How Soon Hath Time,† there is the image of a bird that has stolen Miltons youth, and finally the bird flies off with the rest of Miltons days (Milton, 942). This stealing of Miltons time also represents the people that Milton had lost throughout his life. Milton l ost two wives, three children, which means that he felt that time he had with his lost ones went by so quick such as if a bird had came and swept them away. However, in the end of the sonnet, Milton uses a turn that shows even though that the bird has stolen his time; he still keeps his faith in God, knowing that all is well and equal in the end in the Gods eye. Miltons use of literary devices in â€Å"How Soon Hath Time† illustrates that even through tribulations; Milton still is a faithful man in God. Milton uses his diction to help create imagery that stimulates all the senses that convey to the reader on how Milton feels about his faith and his beliefs in God. Milton also wrote another poem that uses literary devices to show his strong faith called â€Å"When I Consider How My Light is Spent.† Milton wrote this sonnet after he had become completely blind. The main plot behind this sonnet is that even through the obstacles that Milton encountered, Milton still regained strength in his faith. Milton used diction and imagery among other literary devices to convey that he had a strong faith that was unbroken by problems that he encountered. According to Russell Hillier, Milton uses an allegory with the bible to create imagery in â€Å"When I Consider How My Light Is Spent† (Hillier, 7). In line 11, the poem parallels the bible with Matthew 11:30 with â€Å"My yoke is easy, and my burden is light† (Milton, â€Å"When I Consider How My Light Is Spent† 944). This parallel with bible creates imagery by creating a sense of sight for Milton, as he is a blind man. It also allows the reader to gain more understanding of how the Milton feels about his self. Milton does not look at his blindness as a punishment from God, but just an easy burden. When the reader reads line 11 of the poem, an idea of how Milton feels about his blindness is gained. The reader gains an image of how and what Milton feels like, since becoming blind. Milton was not born blind, therefore he had a keen knowledge of what the world looked like and was able to use objects that he had seen and read before to create a poem that contains im agery to convey his idea of faith and being blind. In line 3, Milton refers to talents (Milton, â€Å"When I Consider How My Light Is Spent† 944). A talent in the book of Mathew is a monetary unit. However, in the poem, Milton uses a pun in his diction to create imagery to help convey the strong faith that Milton has. Miltons vision is consider a talent that he once had, but no longer does, and Milton conveys the idea that his eyesight is priceless. Also in line 10, Milton draws a reference from Job 22:2. With this reference to Job 22:2, Milton is stating that anyone can benefit from God, rather they are wealthy or poor or either blind or not blind. The diction that Milton uses in â€Å"When I Consider How My Light Is Spent† helps convey the strong sense of faith that Milton has, even though God blinded him. The words that Milton chose to write this sonnet help illustrate Miltons true faith. In line 8, Milton uses the word patience (Milton, â€Å"When I Consider How My Light Is Spent† 944). Miltons use of the word patience helps convey the idea that one day, Milton will be rewarded with his eyesight that was once taken from him. One day when in Heaven all will perfect health, and Milton realizes that life is short, and that it will not be long before he has sight of his loved ones. â€Å"When I consider How My Light is Spent† is a poem like many others that Milton write, which contain many literary devices, and well as faithful subjects. Imagery was a big part of the Miltons poetry as it allowed and connected Milton back to the real word after he went completely blind. With large amounts of imagery, Milton seemed to get people to understand how he thought. Most of all the poetry wrote by Milton contains his point of view of his faith. The reason that a lot of Miltons poetry contained his faith may have been influenced from his father. According to Jonathan Rosen, while a child, Miltons family was kicked out of the church due to Miltons father rejecting the Catholic faith in return for the acceptance of Protestantism (Rosen, 4). This taught Milton that if he believed something that he should tell everyone. This was unlike anyone during the time, since people of the time were punished for their beliefs, but Milton wanted to let everyone know how he felt about his faith. According to Myron Taylor, Milton was one of the first poets or writers to start expressing his freedom of speech and religion in the early days, when this type of freedom was unheard of (Taylor, 2). Milton felt so strong about his faith that he thought that it was worth every bit of his life to let everyone know how he felt. All throughout Miltons poetry the reoccurrence of god, religion, and faith always seems to appear. Milton uses many methods to convey his thoughts of his faith, which include numerous literary devices, themes, and subjects that allow the readers become informed of Miltons faith. Works Cited Miller, David. â€Å"John Milton: Poetry.† Twaynes English Authors Series 242. Boston: Twayne, 1978. Jokinen, Anniina. Life of John Milton. Luminarium. 21 June 2006. 1 Dec. 2009 . Milton, John. Paradise Lost. Masters of British Literature Volume A. Ed. Damrosch, David, Kevin J. H. Dettermar, and et. al. New York: Pearson Education Inc., 2008. Milton, John. How Soon Hath Time. Masters of British Literature Volume A. Ed. Damrosch, David, Kevin J. H. Dettermar, and et. al. New York: Pearson Education Inc., 2008. Milton, John. When I consider How My Light Is Spent. Masters of British Literature Volume A. Ed. Damrosch, David, Kevin J. H. Dettermar, and et. al. New York: Pearson Education Inc., 2008. Rosen, Jonathan. Return to Paradise. The New Yorker. 84.16 (2 June 2008): p72. Literature Resource Center. Gale. Clemson University Libraries. Taylor, Myron. John Milton: Overview. Reference Guide to English Literature. Ed. D. L. Kirkpatrick. 2nd ed. Chicago: St. James Press, 1991. Literature Resource Center. Gale. Clemson University Libraries.

My Growth as a Writer Essay -- Personal Reflection

I have never liked writing; I always thought it was a waste of time. It was a great therapy but I never found academic writing to be useful just tedious. Only ever writing when I had too made it harder for my writing skills to grow or improve in any way. I have not taken an English class since the 10th grade, even then I never gave it much effort, just doing what I had to so I could pass the class. Then I jump in to College English 1010, I feel like I do well in all other subjects but this one. English is my worst nightmare. However in 8th grade I had an inspiring teacher, Ms. Moe. She told us to write whatever we felt on paper, to create stories from our lives, to write from our souls. Of course all of my stories were morbid with sinister events, but well written. (Maybe because I would spend all the time I could with her, so I would revise and revise until it was perfect- well at least for an 8th grader.) Writing My Past as a Writer was a great way to remind me why writing was alright. This paper was a little easier to write because it was my story. I had to revise it a bit and add some more background to what I was writing in the class, such as my Johnathn story (there are more of them too). As to let the reader know why Ms. Moe called me ‘disturbed’, but that was not hard. I’m sure Ms. Geary was a little concerned after reading this, wondering if she needed to report that I’m unstable or a threat to others, but no I just enjoy writing things that get my dark side out (Iâ €™m stable now, I promise). Getting a perfect score the first time, I still revised it and added things I thought would make it even better to read. Peer reviewing with Russell was great because he had some great insight in how to portray my reputation. Havi... ...one on the topic, so going back to try and find almost every source I have ever read was a little daunting, but I found most of them. I wanted to thank Ms. Geary for reminding me how much writing can do for me. It helped me realize that writing isn’t so horrible but it is just hard work. My writing skills have improved due to this class and all Ms. Geary had taught me. She made class fun with her inflections and just the way she says everything, her personality definitely showed through. I looked forward to class but never the homework. Finally after reading over my final drafts of: My Past as a Writer, Problematic Essay and my Exploratory Research Paper I realize that I have dramatically improved my writing skills in every draft thanks to revisions and some positive criticism for Ms. Geary. I think I am now ready to take on the next step in the English world.

Physics of the Arctic :: physics arctic

The Arctic is a strange and unusual place where nature still rules with and icy fist. In the land of the "high noon moon", the extreme cold has a strange effect on the environment, the people, and even everyday objects that we take for granted act different. Ice rules the land and shapes it to it's will. Layers of cold air change a normal scene into a wonderland of color and mystery. Normal, everyday items take on unusual characteristics in the sub-zero climate. Ice wedges are structures where water has filled a crack or hole in the ground and froze over the winter. As the water freezes, it expands, making the crack bigger. As the Wedge gets bigger, the whole it creates gets bigger and gets fovered with sediments and dirt. On the surface, these ice wedges make the ground look like a patchwork of tiles, called polygons. As the wedge gets deeper, it begins to melt and the water is then put under high pressure from the surrounding ice and dirt. This causes the water to be forced to the surface. As it moves twards the surface, the rock and soil above it are pushed out of the way, making pingos. These pingos are usually a small hill with a ring or rock and soil at the center. Many pingos, thought, can reach the size of a house or other large building. When we think of a mirage, we usually think of a hot desert. In the arctic, though, the thermal layering of the cold air causes a similar effect. The effect is the opposite of a heat mirage though. Here, you can see that the mountain looks to be up-side down and mushroom shaped. In the winter in the far north, the temperatures can get real low! This was the coldest temperature during the winter of '03-'04. The extreme cold allowed me to have a little fun and also caused a few problems. On the morning that the temperature reached -54F, i decided to get up early and go into town to get a picture of a sign so all my friends would beleave me when i told them how cold it had been, when i started to move in the car, however, i noticed that the tired felt wierd as i drove. When the air in the tires is supercooled, he presure drops and the tires arreap to deflate, causing the bottoms to become flattened against the ground.

Animal Rights

Do the rights of animals precede the advancement of science? The quicker the world answers this question and realizes the significance of animals for our own existence the better. Tougher rules on animal trafficking which is a 19 billion global industry, penalties on animal abuse and steps taken for animal conservation and banning animal testing are good primary steps taken by most European nations and the United States but a more positive effect will only come to show if the entire world takes this matter more seriously.Animal rights teach us that certain things are wrong as a matter of Renville, that there are some things which are morally wrong to do to animals. Human beings must not do those things, even If they do them In a â€Å"humane† way. The fact that people take animals as a means to fulfill their own desires and needs and not as a living being, something that feels pain just like any human does makes them do cruel things.Roughly 17 thousand species are known to be threatened with extinction a curve that increases every year as more and more species of birds, mammals and sea-life are pulled closer to extinction. In Africa Ivory poachers have ailed 65% of forest elephant population In the last 11 years. According to a Washington based wildlife conservation agency around a 100-million sharks are killed annually to make the popular Chinese delicacy, sharkskin soup.Most people are oblivious to the fact that most of their cosmetics and toiletries are first tested on innocent animals before they can be used by them these animals Include small rodents, great apes dogs etc. These apes which are known to be the smartest of all creatures and share 96% of Human DNA and largely sociable creatures and undergo both physical and mental trauma being kept in isolation for cascades. Statistics show that every year around 100 Million animals die in American laboratories for chemical, drug, food and cosmetics testing.Death Is probably the best thing that happens to them after they are confined to their barren cages. Before their deaths, some are forced to inhale toxic fumes, others are immobilizers in restraint devices for hours and some have holes drilled into their skulls. The only argument that people buy to Justify animal experimentation is that it helps improve Human health. The reality is that the majority of animal experiments do not intricate to Improving human health, and the value of the role that animal experimentation plays In most medical advances Is questionable.Diseases that are artificially induced in animals in a laboratory are never identical to those that occur naturally in human beings and hence the results are obsolete and useless. It makes no difference if the animals are given 5-star treatment throughout their lives and then killed humanely without any fear or pain – it's just plain wrong in principle, and nothing can make it right. Animal rights should receive careful consideration because equals not inferiors .

Case Study Big Skinny Essay

Online Marketing at Big Skinny The case study is about a wallet company name Big Skinny. One day the Big Skinny CEO, Kiril Alexandrov bicycled his way to work and his phone rang constantly. His marketing director and wife, Catherine Alexandrov had called and said that they had sold 4,000 wallets. The problem was that the online store had glitches and most of these wallets were given away for free. A few weeks earlier the two were promoting their wallets at the Harvard street fair and were successfully selling wallets. The street fair sales had made Kiril think of what the next step in expanding his brand would be. He decided to create an online store to further increase his revenue and company. Kiril returned to his office to ponder what he and his wife should do. Catherine proposed that they cancel the orders, just as Amazon, Dell, and others have done in the past with the same experience. He realized that there was nothing else to do and agreed that it was the only option to cancel the orders because they would be losing wallets for free. With his confidence shook on the Big Skinny’s online store, Kiril pondered his priorities and wondered what really should be the next step for Big Skinny. He asked, â€Å"Should Big Skinny concentrate on drawing new consumers to its website through search engines, or should it focus on engaging existing customers through social and interactive media? Alternatively, should Big Skinny hand off more of its web marketing to retail portals like Amazon and Buy.com?† A Product That Sells Itself? Wallets are generally preferred with lightweight and that can easily carry stuff like credit cards, cash and receipts along with other stuff. Thin wallets are considered better because it will always keep you safe from back pain. Wallets are often in need of replacement and people buy them as impulse purchase or as gifts since it is not a costly item and also does not require much information processing. Big Skinny has just launched world’s thinnest wallet and got good response from the market during various trade fairs it participate in. Conclusion For an online marketing campaign to be successful, it is important that people resource all their options and make sure they are capable of fulfilling whatever objectives and needs they have to be successful. Big Skinny has to make sure consumers are buying high-quality wallets from them. Wallets are a kind of purchase that has a high element of look and feel. People who recognize the brand and have owned it in the past are more likely to make a purchase and be confident about brand. This means online purchases would have more returning customers. For now Big Skinny should look at online retail as complimenting to their physical distribution through various channels. Question 2 Algorithmic search means most accurate result to the users query. Ranking high in a search will allow a site to reach consumers, whose search was related to the site’s product. The output of the algorithmic search would entirely depend upon the keywords chosen to be enlisted to the search engines. It is a listing of Big Skinny links in organic search results based on the proprietary ranking algorithms of search engines which usually factors of keywords, pages linking to the item, location, and etc. In Sponsored search advertising, advertisers are allowed to key in search words in sections for sponsored search. The main difference for the algorithmic search and sponsored search is those sponsored searches is more focused and give better results. Generally algorithmic searches are free but needs technical skills whereas sponsored are paid and can be easily incorporate provided right keywords are chosen. Question 3 Price An example of price would be how the website sells Big Skinny wallets for $20. This is pricing strategy because it utilizes the cheap and affordable price for a wallet, while also promoting the main quality of the wallet being skinny and slim. Many different affordable prices are listed on the website and very easily seen. Sales Promotion The Big Skinny website offers many different sales promotions. One is spending $50 to get free shipping anywhere in the country. This is a great promotion that can increase sales and promote people to spend $50 on their website in order to gain free shipping. Place The website also offers pop up shops coupons from the website that can be  used at pop up shops at certain regions and stores. This can be used as a Place marketing strategy because it focuses on a certain area or store and promotes marketing to that specific store. This emphasizes on shopping at a certain place or store. Product and Target Product can be illustrated by the fact that the website sells many different types of wallets. The website has many different wallets for men, women, and children. Within these genders classed wallets there are also many sub categories that the consumer can choose to look and purchase under.