Relativistic Doppler Effect and the Misunderstandings of...

The present paper discusses the relativistic Doppler effect and tries to found misunderstandings in the present state of the Special theory of relativity. The authors conclusion that he found some â€Å"blue shift† which contradicts with time dilation is wrong. The weakest feature of the paper is that although the formulas, presented by authors, are in general correct, but they do not support the conclusions the author extract from them, and mistake is hidden in the interpretation. Lets focus on the plane waves. In general, the transverse Doppler effect, as it is studied in the available literature, means that an observer (lets call him the 1st observer), that receive an electromagnetic wave from a distant source, moving relative to the†¦show more content†¦In case of author considerations, they are measured by different observers, situated at different reference frames. If one wants to use 2nd observer to find the Doppler effect, for 2nd observer, his ÃŽ ²=ÃŽ ²Ã¢â€šâ€š=0, and his ÃŽ ±=ÃŽ ±, formulas (1)-(2) will give ÃŽ ½=ÃŽ ½Ã¢â€šâ€š=ÃŽ ½. So there is no frequency shift for the 2nd observer. (as it should be for him, being in rest with the source). For the 1st observer, substituting the ÃŽ ² and ÃŽ ±=Ï€/2 will give correct result: ÃŽ ½=ÃŽ ½/ÃŽ ³, where ÃŽ ³=1/(sqrt(1-v ²/c ²)). One should not mix this two cases, as the author does. Lets look to the authors arguments, why one should use ÃŽ ±=Ï€/2 rather than ÃŽ ±=Ï€/2 to define transverse Doppler effect. The author calls ÃŽ ± as the proper angle and ÃŽ ± as apparent angle, in the analogy with the term proper length. This analogy seems to be not applicable. The proper length is the length of an item, measured in rest with this item. The term apparent length is for the length of an item, measured by another observer, moving relative to the item. For the angle between two items, it is not obvious, relative to what part of the system the observer should be in rest, in order to measure the angle to call the angle as proper angle. The authors idea, that using ÃŽ ±=Ï€/2 in order to compare with classical Doppler effect, also does not hold water, as in the classical theory

The Discovery Of The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald

She used this knowledge to scare her guard into keeping quiet about what she was doing. She threatened to turn him into a toad if he spoke of her creations, and it worked he never spoke a word to anyone. Eerie kept at it until her creations started to survive. She would hide her creations in a cave high above the castle. Until the day she crossed a mutant lizard one of her first survivors with a pterodactyl egg she had found covered with dirt in the depths of the cave. The pterodactyl was thought to be extinct, nevertheless, Eerie knew better and had kept secret the only known egg in existence. For reasons beyond her understanding the egg had lain dormant for countless centuries. Eerie had dug out a bed and covered the egg with straw to keep it warm. Eerie injecting egg with what she christened DNA DeoxyriboNucleic Acid, the substance she had identified as the blueprint of a cell, the building blocks of life. She had extracted the DNA from her mutant lizard she hoped to breathe life back into the egg. The day it hatched was the start of her freedom. The little flying lizard was born a female. Eerie loved her at first sight, and the feeling was mutual. Eerie named her Drago Queen. They played and trained together Eerie learned that her dragon could breathe fire, and as she grew stronger she could fly higher. As Drago became an adult she was able to carry Eerie on her back. One day while walking in the woods Drago keep pushing Eerie toward a region of the woods that sheShow MoreRelatedThe Discovery Of The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1969 Words   |  8 Pages Surina often wondered what her place was in the world. It was a timeworn Cinderella problem where no solution quite fit. By focusing on alterity or otherness, the hidebound society on Earth made her feel as if she didn’t belong. Then, one summer night, she had a dream that she could not shake out of her mind the whole of the next day. Since she had stopped dreaming a long time ago, it was unusual for her to dream in the first place let alone about a comet. What’s more, she was riding on theRead MoreEssay about Corruption of the American Dream1127 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican Dream The Great Gatsby is a novel based off of the American dream, which is something that everyone strives for. The author of the book F. Scott Fitzgerald has his own American dream to become a well known writer, and to have the girl of his dreams, and throughout the novel this dream reflected in The Great Gatsby within in the characters Gatsby and Daisy. Fitzgerald had developed the character Gatsby by incorporating some of his own dreams. For example Gatsby has a forbidden love forRead MoreThroughout history, individuals from all over the world have been striving to come to America to600 Words   |  3 PagesAmerican Dream can have different meanings but overall climbing the social ladder of success was the main goal. I selected the book, The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald. The Great Gatsby exposes society in the 1920’s and demonstrates how a dream can be corrupted in an era of decayed social and moral values. The American Dream was originally about discovery, individu alism, and the pursuit of happiness but has transformed into a materialistic vision of wealth, power, and expensive things. In theRead MoreIllusion and Reality in The Great Gatsby Essay1548 Words   |  7 Pagesand Reality in The Great Gatsby  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚   The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is a novel about one mans disenchantment with the American dream. 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3d Printers Free Essays

Rapid prototyping 3D printers 3D printing  is a form of  additive manufacturing  technology where a  three dimensional  object is created by laying down successive layers of material. 3D printers are generally faster, more affordable and easier to use than other additive manufacturing technologies. 3D printers offer product developers the ability to print parts and assemblies made of several materials with different mechanical and physical properties in a single build process. We will write a custom essay sample on 3d Printers or any similar topic only for you Order Now Advanced 3D printing technologies yield models that closely emulate the look, feel and functionality of product prototypes. A 3D printer works by taking a 3D computer file and using and making a series of cross-sectional slices. Each slice is then printed one on top of the other to create the 3D object. The cost of 3D printers has declined. The technology also finds use in the jewellery, footwear,  industrial design, architecture, engineering and construction (AEC), automotive, aerospace, dental and medical industries. A large number of competing technologies are available to do 3D printing. Their main differences are found in the way layers are built to create parts. Some methods use melting or softening material to produce the layers (SLS, FDM) where others lay liquid materials that are cured with different technologies. In the case of lamination systems, thin layers are cut to shape and joined together. Selective laser sintering  (SLS) Selective laser sintering  (SLS) is an additive manufacturing technique that uses a high power  laser  (for example, a  carbon dioxide laser) to fuse small particles of  plastic,  metal  (Direct Metal Laser Sintering),  ceramic, or  glass  powders into a mass that has a desired 3-dimensional shape. The laser selectively fuses powdered material by scanning cross-sections generated from a 3-D digital description of the part (for example from a  CAD  file or scan data) on the surface of a powder bed. After each cross-section is scanned, the powder bed is lowered by one layer thickness, a new layer of material is applied on top, and the process is repeated until the part is completed. Compared to other methods of additive manufacturing, SLS can produce parts from a relatively wide range of commercially available powder materials. These include  polymers  such as  nylon, (neat, glass-filled or with other fillers) or  polystyrene, metals including  steel,  titanium, alloy mixtures, and composites and  green sand. The physical process can be full  melting, partial melting, or liquid-phase  sintering. And, depending on the material, up to 100% density can be achieved with material properties comparable to those from conventional manufacturing methods. In many cases large numbers of parts can be packed within the powder bed, allowing very high productivity. SLS is performed by machines called SLS systems. SLS technology is in wide use around the world due to its ability to easily make very complex geometries directly from digital  CAD  data. While it began as a way to build  prototype  parts early in the design cycle, it is increasingly being used in  limited-run manufacturing  to produce end-use parts. One less expected and rapidly growing application of SLS is its use in art. [pic] The picture above is made using SLS and is a very intricate design which would be very difficult to imagine if it was only drawn on paper. Digital Light Processing (DLP) In  DLP, or Digital Light Processing, a vat of liquid polymer is exposed to light from a DLP projector under  safelight  conditions. The exposed liquid polymer hardens. The build plate then moves down in small increments and the liquid polymer is again exposed to light. The process repeats until the model is built. The liquid polymer is then drained from the vat, leaving the solid model. The  ZBuilder Ultrais an example of a DLP rapid prototyping system Laminated object manufacturing (LOM) Laminated object manufacturing  (LOM) is a  rapid prototyping  system developed by Helisys Inc. Cubic Technologies is now the successor organization of Helisys) In it, layers of adhesive-coated  paper,  plastic, or  metal  laminates are successively glued together and cut to shape with a knife or  laser cutter. The process is performed as follows: 1. Sheet is adhered to a substrate with a heated roller. 2. Laser traces desired dimensions of prototype. 3. Laser cross hatches non-part area to facilitate waste removal. 4. Platform with completed layer moves down out of the way. 5. Fresh sheet of material is rolled into position. 6. Platform moves up into position to receive next layer. 7. The process is repeated. Note: †¢ Low cost due to readily availability of raw material †¢ Paper moulds have wood like characteristics, and may be worked and finished accordingly †¢ Dimensional accuracy is slightly less than that of  Stereolithography  and  Selective laser sintering  but no milling step is necessary. †¢ Relatively large parts may be made, because no chemical reaction is necessary. [pic] The above picture shows how intricate objects con be made by LOM. Fused deposition modelling  (FDM) Fused deposition modelling  (FDM) is an additive manufacturing technology commonly used for modelling, prototyping, and production applications. FDM works on an â€Å"additive† principle by laying down material in layers. A plastic filament or metal wire is unwound from a coil and supplies material to an  extrusion  nozzle which can turn on and off the flow. The nozzle is heated to melt the material and can be moved in both horizontal and vertical directions by a numerically controlled mechanism, directly controlled by acomputer-aided manufacturing  (CAM) software package. The model or part is produced by extruding small beads of thermoplastic material to form layers as the material hardens immediately after extrusion from the nozzle. Several materials are available with different trade-offs between strength and temperature properties. As well as  acrylonitrile butadiene styrene  (ABS) polymer,  polycarbonates,  polycaprolactone,  polyphenylsulfones  and waxes, a â€Å"water-soluble† material can be used for making temporary supports while manufacturing is in progress, this soluble support material is quickly dissolved with specialized mechanical agitation equipment utilizing a precisely heated  sodium hydroxide  solution. [pic] In the picture above the support material is easy recognised and can be broken away easily. 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Banking Procedure free essay sample

. A bank is a financial institution which deals with deposits and advances and other related services. It receives money from those who want to save in the form of deposits and it lend it to others. Functions of Commercial Bank Primary Function: The primary functions of bank are also knowns as banking functions . They are the main functions of a bank. Accepting Deposits   An persone can open an saving account by keeping a minimum deposit amount. Procedure Following documents to open a bank account: 1. Address proof . Identity proof 3. Photograph 4. Introducer For address and Id proof you can use your driving license or passport or ration card. Most banks expect you to bring a friend or relative who already has an account with the bank as a gesture of trust.   Any sane major person or a firm which can enter into contract can open an account with a bank. The following formalites are requires to be completed before a current or profit and loos sharing account is opened in a bank. First of all the person who is desirous of opening an account with the bank has to filling in the account opening form . The applicant writes his name, address, occupation and the amount to be deposited in the form. The applicant has to declare in the form that he shall comply with the bank rules. , which are in force from time to time the conduct of the discount. The prospective customer is to provide his introduction to the bank either from the old customer of the bank or from persn known to the bank. The introducer or reference verifies the integrity, character, honesty and goodwill of the intending customer on the application form. When the banker is satisfied about the integrity of the customer he then agrees to open his account. Visit the bank for opening account to make the deposit. If account is there it is easier to open the FD else we need address and indentity proof. So we have to fill the form for keeping deposit and pay the money to cashier. RD The bank will provide the form , we have to fill the form and pay the money at bank teller counter. Once done bank officals will give a small passbook for RD with days date and amount paid up. Every monthe we need to go to bank to pay the RD amount. Granting of Loan and Advances The bank advances loan to the business cimmunity and other members of th public. The bank loans and advances include Overdraft It is given to current account holders A certain amount is sanctioned as overdraft which can be withdrawn within a certain period of time say 3 months Interest is charged on actual amount withdrawn An overdraft facility is granted against a collateral security. The client is allowed cash credit upto a specific limit fixed in advance. It can be given to current account holders and to others who do not have a current account with the bank Separate cash credit account is maintained. Discounting of Bills of Exchange The bank can advance money by discounting or by purchasing bills of exchange both domestic and foreign bills, The bank pays the bill amount to the drawer of the bill by deducting usual ‘discount’ charges. Investments The bank invest a part of the deposit money in bonds, debentures and other securities. Investment is profitable areas brings good returns to the bank. Secondary Functions The bank acts performs a number of secondary functions, also called as non banking functions. The importance secondary functions are as follows. Agency functions The bank acts an agent of its customers. Transfer of funds : The bank transfers funds from one branch to another or from one place to another. Collection of Cheques: The bank collects the money of the cheques through clearing sections of its customers. The bank also collects money of the bills of exchange. Periodic payments; On standing instructions of the client, the bank makes periodic payments in respect of electricity bills, rent, etc Portfolio Management Large banks undertake to purchase and sell the shares and debentures on behalf of its clients and accordingly debits or credits the account. This facility is called portfolio management. Periodic Collections The bank collects salary pension, dividend and such other periodic collections on behalf of the client. Other Agency Functions It acts as trustees, executors, attorney and administrators on behalf of its clients. General Utility Functions Issue of Drafts, L. CS etc Bank issue drafts for transferring money from one place to another. It also issues letter of credit, especially in case of import trade. It also issues travellers cheques. Locker Facility : The bank provides a locker facility for the safe custody of valuable documents, gold ornaments, and other valuables. Underwriting of Shares: The bank underwriters shares and debentures through its merchant banking division. Dealing in Foreign Exchange: The commercial banks are allowed by RBI to deal in foreign exchange. Project Reports: The bank may also undertake to prepare project reports and feasibility studies on behalf of its clients. Capital Deposit Ratio: In some countries banking rules do not permit commercial banks from accepting primary deposits of more than a certain multiple of the paid up capital. This limitation is imposed for increasing the accountability of bankers and preventing misuse of funds. If the paid up capital is low, the deposits with the bank will be low, and therefore credit creation capacity will be low. Liquidity Preference of Public If the public do not want more money, banks can not create more money. Bank money is created only if there are borrowers. If the public preference is for non monetary assets, banks will remain as silent spectators Leakages If a cheque is not deposited immediately, a secondary deposit is not created. In India one can keep a cheque upto six months during which no money will be created. Similarly it takes many weeks and some times months for collection and realization of cheque due to poor interbank communication set up. This problem is now being solved by some banks due to introduction of core banking facilities. The amount of commission and collection charges levied by bank also represent leakages. Monetary Policy Monetary policy of the central bank imposes severe limitations on commercial banks. Banking Terms heckswritten orders to a bank to make payment against the depositors funds in that bank accounts receivablethe short-term debts owed to your company by the others, such as its customers endorsementa signature or instructions, stamped or written on the back of a check deposit slipa form used to record cash and checks to be added to a bank account lockboxa postal address maintained at the companys bank to collect payments accounts payablerefers to the short-term debts your company owes to others.